工作经验一定有助于创业过程吗:基于工作内嵌入的分析

Is Working Experience Helpful to the Success of Venture Creation: Based on the On-the-job Embeddedness Analysis

国内外大量研究发现,工作经验对创业过程起着重要的促进作用。但是以往研究尚无法解释"为什么有工作经历的创业者创业的成功率存在巨大差异"的问题。基于此,本文借鉴人力资源管理领域的"工作嵌入"模型,运用美国"创业动态跟踪研究"(Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics I,简称PSEDI)的调查数据,运用多元回归分析方法对创业者先前的工作内嵌入对创业活动的集中性和创业周期长短的影响进行了实证分析,发现创业者的先前工作经验可能导致创业活动分散和创业活动周期延长。该结论更为全面地解释了工作经验对创业过程的影响机理,同时也有助于启发有创业打算和创业潜力的个体合理地利用以往的工作经验,提高创业活动的成功率。

A lot of researches suggest that working experience plays an important role in the process of the venture gestation, which could increase the chance of finding new entrepreneurial opportunities and rare resources allocation. However, previous studies can not explain ＂why there is a huge difference in the entrepreneurial success rate of those persons who have work experience＂. Drawing insights from the model of ＂job embeddedness＂ in human resotur.es management research field, we examine the impact of on- the-job embeddedness on the centrality of entrepreneurial activities and the duration of venture creation activities. Multiple regression is applied to test our hypotheses, using the data set from American ＂Panel Study of Entrepre- neurial Dynamics I （PSED I）. Our Results suggest entrepreneurs＇ previous working experience may result in venture creation activities scattered and the duration of entrepreneurial activity extended. It means the higher degree of on-the-job embedded the founder has, he or she feels more compatible with current job and more comfortable in the current work environment. Individuals who leave current job and start their own business are likely to promise personal losses （e.g., giving up colleagues, interesting projects or pleasant perks）. So they consistently face an inordinate amount of risk and the entrepreneurial activities usually developed harder, which will lead to more decentralized of entrepreneurial activities and longer term of venture gesta- tion. If individual wants to start new firms quickly and efficiently, he should not only focus on the skill needed to perform his current job, but also should main his comprehensive management skills, even entrepreneurial ability by any possible ways during the work history of being an employee. This study enhances our understanding of the influence of employee＇s work history on the new venture creation by applying job embeddedness theory. It enlightens individuals who plan to create their own ventures to apply their on-the-job embeddedness to improve the success rate of entrepreneurial activities.