圈养豚鹿繁殖成活率低的病因学调查研究

Etiology of low Survival Rate of Hog Deer

豚鹿是十分濒危的动物,在中国野外已宣布绝迹。为了弄清圈养豚鹿繁殖成活率低的原因,分别对成都动物园近年来圈养豚鹿的繁殖情况及死亡规律,豚鹿血清中的部分矿物质元素及维生素,以及豚鹿死亡个体的器官组织进行了切片分析。结果发现天气寒冷及母体的弃子行为是引起幼子死亡的一个重要因素,肺炎是导致豚鹿幼体死亡的直接原因,矿物质元素铜(Cu)、硒(Se)及维生素E测定值偏低与豚鹿繁殖成活率也有一定的关系。为切实提高豚鹿繁殖成活率应适当改善现有的环境条件,采取防寒保暖措施;加强对豚鹿产子期间的观察,及时发现弃子幼体施行人工辅助育幼;加强消毒工作,保持环境的清洁卫生;加强营养研究,适当调整饲料矿物质及维生素水平。

Hog deer is globally endangered and might be extinct in the wild in China although an animal was reported at Yongde Daxueshan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan（west of the Mekong）,in 2007（see Timmins et al.2008）.We studied issues relating to survival of captive Hog Deer,focusing on breeding and mortality,levels of minerals and vitamins in blood serum, and analyses of organ tissues.Factors reducing survival rate included cold ambient temperatures,abandonment of neonates, pneumonia,and levels of Cu,Se,and vitamin E in blood serum.To increase survival of Hog deer,we recommend provision of improves environments and breeding conditions.Measures include increasing temperatures in cages,treatments to rid deer of parasites,improving sanitation in cages,and raising the concentrations of minerals and vitamins in food.We also recommend increasing adult Hog Deer body condition during inter - breeding periods and recovery of abandoned wild Hog Deer neonates for inclusion in captive breeding programs.