美德与幸福:有益、阻碍抑或同一

Virtue and Happiness:Promotive Impeditive or Identical

美德伦理自其萌芽伊始便是一种幸福伦理,以追求并实现一种属人的幸福为其鹄的。在西方伦理思想史上,伦理思想家们在美德与幸福关系上的探讨,可以归纳为"有益论"、"阻碍论"和"同一论"三种形态。其中,"阻碍论"存在较大的偏颇,"同一论"则只是一种片面的、形而上的探讨,它们二者都可以说是一种极端。"有益论"是比较合理的看法。虽然我们的探讨主要还只是学理性的,但它至少表明,人们以美德来求得幸福有其必然性的一面。

Virtue ethics is eudemonism since it presents itself in history, its purpose is to pursue and realize happiness which pertains to human. In western ethics history, the outcome of investigation of ethicists as to the relation between virtue and happiness can be summarized three forms： promotion perspective, impediment perspective and identity perspective. Through the exploration of this paper, we believe that the impediment perspective is one-sided point of view and identity perspective is only a kind of metaphysical per- spective, they both are extremes. The promotion perspective is relatively reasonable. Though our investigation is basically doctrinal, but at least it can reveal this truth： it is necessary for human to obtain their happiness by their virtues.