自发过程定义及自发过程判据

Spontaneous process and its criteria

过程自发性及其判据是物理化学热力学中的重点与难点内容,然而在不同教材中对自发过程的定义存在差异,自发过程判据的推导过程与判据应用条件导致对自发过程判据及其应用条件与吉布斯自由能、亥姆霍兹自由能的物理意义理解的困难。就自发过程的定义、自发过程判据进行了讨论。

Spontaneous process and its criteria are important components in chemical thermodynamics, but its definition is ambiguous and imprecise. The deduction process of its criteria and the application conditions make it difficult to understand the physical meaning of Gibbs free energy and Helmholtz free energy. The definition of spontaneous process, its criteria and the application conditions are discussed.