丛枝菌根真菌在蔬菜基质育苗上的应用研究

Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Vegetable Seedlings Culture with Different Substrates

为探讨丛枝菌根真菌在蔬菜育苗上应用的可能性,以黄瓜和生菜为供试作物进行适用育苗基质的筛选,研究其对菌根真菌侵染和作物苗期生长的影响。以Glomus intraradics、Glomu mosseae、Glomus aggregetum、Glomus etunica-tum为供试菌根真菌制剂,采用5种基质配方,分别是常规基质(V草炭∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=6∶3∶1)和4种低草炭配比基质(陶粒+草炭、蛭石+草炭、泡沫+草炭、珍珠岩+草炭,草炭分别占基质总体积的20%)。结果表明,低草炭配比基质中陶粒+草炭处理各菌种侵染率较高,达24.17%,常规基质中接种Glomus intraradics黄瓜和生菜根系侵染率也分别达到34.05%,41.09%,其余3种基质侵染率均在20%以下;陶粒+草炭和蛭石+草炭两种基质可获得相对较高的壮苗指数,泡沫+草炭、珍珠岩+草炭接菌和未接菌处理壮苗指数普遍较低。陶粒+草炭既适合黄瓜和生菜幼苗生长又适宜丛枝菌根真菌侵染,是菌根化苗培育的理想备选基质。

To investigate the possibility of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on vegetable seedlings culture,experiments were conducted with cucumber and lettuce as test crops to study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection rate and growth.Seeds of cucumber and lettuce were sown in mixed substrate with various proportion of peat by volume（Peat：Perlite：Vermiculite =6∶ 3∶ 1;Peat：Vermiculite =1∶ 4;Peat∶ Perlite =1∶ 4;Peat∶ Polyfoam =1∶ 4;Peat：Ceramsite=1∶ 4）inoculated with AM fungi.AM fungi Glomus intraradics,Glomu mosseae,Glomus aggregetum,Glomus etunicatum were used.The results showed the infection rate of AMF were above 24.17% in mixture of Peat＋Ceramsite,while in Peat＋Perlite＋Vermiculite inoculated with Glomus intraradics was 34.05%,41.09% respectively,the others was below 20%.The seedling vigorous index are relatively high in media Peat＋Ceramsite and Peat＋Vermiculite,while in Peat＋Perlite and Peat＋Polyfoam both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatment are low.It is thus clear that Peat∶ Ceramsite（1∶ 4）treatments resulted in the most beneficial effects on seedling vigorous index and infection rate of crop roots,therefore Peat＋Ceramsite was an ideal substrate for mycorrhizal seedling of vegetables.