变性淀粉包裹型缓释尿素对冬小麦生长发育及氮素农学效率的影响

Effects of Modified Starch Coated and Slow Released Urea on Growth and Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency Winter Wheat

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了变性淀粉包裹型缓释尿素对冬小麦生长、旗叶净光合速率、旗叶水分利用率、产量及氮素农学效率的影响。结果表明,变性淀粉包裹型缓释尿素一次性基施,冬小麦单株干质量高于普通尿素处理,根系活力提高4.9%~16.66%,叶片净光合提高4.4%~9.4%,旗叶水分利用率提高8.63%~25.17%;收获期,缓释尿素处理氮肥效率及耕层土壤硝态氮含量均高于普通尿素处理,而深层土壤硝态氮含量低于普通尿素处理,冬小麦产量提高14.7%~16.5%。氮肥的种类、释放特性及施肥量是影响土壤硝态氮含量的主要因素,施肥量的提高可能增加土壤硝态氮通过氮素淋洗对地下水潜在污染风险。

The field plot experiment was conducted and it were discussed about the effects of modified starch coated and slow release urea on winter wheat growth,photosynthetic rate and water efficiency in flag leaf,yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency.The results indicated that the wheat dry matter increased when coated and slow release urea as base fertilzer compared with urea.The root vigor activity increased 4.90% to 16.66%,photosynthetic rate and water efficiency in flag leaf increased 4.41% to 9.41% and 8.63% to 25.17% respectively.After harvest,the soil nitrate content with coated and slow release urea applied was higher than urea used in the surface depth,but lower in the deep soil.the the wheat yield increased 9.4% in the coated and slow released urea treatment.So the characteristics of nitrogen releasing were main factor,which affected the soil nitrogen content.With fertilizer amount increased,groundwater contaminated would increase.