重载货车车轮踏面优化研究

Study on Optimization of Wheel Profiles on Heavy Haul Freight Car

对近期开发的基于法向间隙的车轮踏面优化方法进行改进,根据三维非赫兹滚动接触理论对轮轨间隙求解范围进行计算,使所求解的轮轨间隙具有实际的物理意义。针对我国重载货车车轮圆周磨耗严重的问题,对现有重载货车车轮踏面进行优化。利用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及三维弹性体非赫兹滚动接触理论对优化前后车轮踏面的静态接触性能及动态接触性能进行分析。结果表明:优化后轮轨界面之间可达到较好的匹配,且合理选择踏面不同区域的权数可同时保证车辆直线运行与曲线通过时的轮轨接触应力较小,从而达到有效降低轮轨磨耗的目的。

Improvement is made to the wheel profile optimization method put forward recently based on the nor- mal gap between the wheel and the rail. The calculation scope of the wheel/rail gap is computed based on the theory of three-dimensional elastic bodies rolling contact with non-Hertzian, so the wheel/rail gap calculated with this method is of practical significance. As the circular wear of wheel treads of heavy haul freight cars is serious, the improved method is used to optimize the wheel profile of heavy haul freight cars. The theories of vehicle and track coupling dynamics and three-dimensional elastic bodies rolling contact with non-Hertzian are used to analyze the contact behavior of the optimized profile in both static and dynamic state. The results show that the optimized profile is in good conformal contact with CHN60 rail, which reduces wheel/rail contact stress and rolling contact fatigue. When reasonable weights are selected in optimizing, the contact stresses between the wheel and the rail will be reduced significantly when the vehicle runs in tangent track and in curved track, so the wear of wheel and rail will be decreased effectively.