明洪武、弘治年间文化政策与文言小说创作

Impact of Cultural Policies on Classical Chinese Novels Composed from Hongwu to Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty

明洪武至弘治年间,君主强力推行定程、朱理学于一统的文化政策,十分强调儒家义理在诗文中的教化功能,并以此指导当时的文艺演出和文学创作。这一时期,文人创作的文言小说主要有5部,创作者虽身份各异,地域不同,但其内容多为神仙道化、劝诫讽谏、粉饰太平、惩恶扬善,其中宣扬道德教化的篇目所占比例最大,这与当时朝廷的文化政策导向是一致的。可见,当政局稳定、政治权力处于上升期时,朝廷所倡导的文学观念是可以得到推行的。

From Hongwu to Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty,the emperors promoted the teaching of Chen and Zhu＇s Confucianism and implemented cultural policies heightening Confucian principles and doctrines in the creation of literary works and the staging of performances.Though the authors differ in social ranks and geographical locations,5 major novels composed at that time were about pursuit of immortality,admonishment and allegorization,praise of social harmony,and punishment of the vicious and rewards for the virtuous,and the novels highlighting moral doctrines dominated,which corresponded to the cultural policies of Ming Dynasty being implemented.Therefore,it is concluded in this paper that literary concepts and guidelines favoured by the emperors can be planted and ramificated,and will serve as the major theme for literary works when the political situation is stable and the reign powerful.