危险化学品企业外部安全防护距离监管存在问题及对策

Problems presented in regulatory practice of external safety protection distance for dangerous chemical enterprises and their countermeasures

国内外许多重大事故教训表明要危险化学品企业必须与外部脆弱性目标之间设置合理的安全防护距离。目前在危险化学品企业外部安全防护距离的监管过程中存在许多问题,如缺乏上位法的支撑,未纳入城市规划控制程序,缺乏专门的安全防护距离标准,事故隐患企业搬迁难,以及公众参与不足等。造成这些问题的原因有城市发展的压力,政府监管的缺失,部分企业盲目扩建、改造,周边区域违规开发建设。危险化学品企业的外部安全防护距离问题涉及到危险化学品企业、周边开发单位、公众以及政府四个主要利益相关方,目前所遇到的问题是土地资源在城市经济社会快速发展与公众安全需求提高之间矛盾下的必然结果。在立足国情借鉴国外做法的基础上,本文提出一些综合性策略和针对新建项目和现有企业的措施建议,目前解决危险化学品企业安全防护距离问题解决的关键是将危险化学品企业及其周边区域的土地利用规划的安全控制纳入城市规划许可程序中,以及利益相关方之间相互协调机制的建立。

Lessons from some major industrial accidents showed that dangerous chemical enterprises must keep rational safety protection distance with vulnerable objectives.There were many problems in regulatory process to safety protection distance for dangerous chemical enterprises,such as lack of support for the upper law,safety control measures were not included in urban land use planning procedures,no specific safety protection distance standard,difficulties in accident potential enterprises relocation,no public participation.The causes for these problems included pressure of urban development,lack of government control,random expansion of some enterprises and illegal development of developer.Core reason of safety protection distance problems reflect the conflict between urban economic and social rapid development and higher public safety demands.Four major interested parties involved in safety protection distance problems,dangerous chemical enterprises,surrounding developer,public,government.On the basis of national conditions and the practice from abroad,this paper gives some comprehensive strategy and some suggestion for new project and existing enterprises.A key solution for external safety protection distance＇ problems is to make dangerous chemical enterprises and the surrounding areas of land use planning into the city safety control procedures for planning permission and to facilitate interested parties to establish coordinate mechanism.