论科学知识观的转型及其对科学教学的意义

On the Transformation of the View of Scientific Knowledge and Its Enlightenment to Science Instruction

科学知识观是科学教学的前提与先导。科学知识观主要包括对科学知识的性质和获得两个方面的认识。科学知识的性质在原来传统的、确定的、客观的、普遍的、价值中立的基础上增加了不确定性、文化性、境域性、价值性等因素,科学知识的获得已由主观认识与客观对象相符合的过程,向开放、动态、生成的过程转变。科学教师树立现代科学知识观,有利于调动学生的积极性与主动性,培养学生的质疑、批判和创新意识,尊重学生的个体差异,促进学生个性发展,增强学生科学探究的意识与能力。

View of scientific knowledge is the premise and precur sor of science instruction.View of scientific knowledge mainly includes the knowledge of the nature of scie ntific knowledge and the acquisition of scientific knowledge.The nature of scientific knowledge has increased uncertain,cultural,situational,and value factors from certainty,objectivity,universality and value neutrality.The acquisition of scientific knowledge has changed from a process t hat the subjective understanding tallies with the objects to an open,dynamic and generative proces s.For science teachers to establish the modern view of scientific knowledge is in favor of sci ence teachers mobilizing students enthusiasm and initiative;in favor of science teachers incr easing students＇ consciousness of doubting,criticism and innovation;in favor of science teacher s respecting students＇ individual differences and promoting students to develop according to their individuality;in favor of science teachers enhancing students＇ awareness and ability of scien tific inquiry.