2007—2009年广西宾阳县农村生活饮用水水质监测结果分析

Analysis of Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Results in Binyang County in 2007—2009

目的了解广西宾阳县农村生活饮用水水质动态变化及其影响因素。方法 2007—2009年度分别随机设立27个、3个和47个水质监测点,现场调查取水方式、水源类型及覆盖人口,同时进行水样的采集、检验和评价。结果 2007—200年宾阳县农村集中式供水覆盖人口比例分别为72.21%、70.89%和70.79%,高于广西2008年的平均水平(35.72%);宾阳县农村以地下水为饮用水水源的人口比例(82.87%)高于地表水(17.13%)。2007—2009年度的水质合格率分别为42.59%、51.00%和52.50%,高于广西2008年24.59%的平均合格率水平,其中,集中式供水水质合格率分别为50.00%、55.56%和53.70%,分散式供水水质合格率分别为37.50%、45.65%和51.52%。除2008年以外,2007年和2009年丰水期水质合格率水平均低于同年枯水期,差异有统计学意义。水质不同指标检测结果为:感官与一般化学指标和毒理学指标合格率分别达到99.00%以上,而微生物指标合格率水平较低,尤其以总大肠菌群指标合格率水平最低,合格率水平在38.89%～56.67%之间,无论是集中式供水还是分散式供水,总大肠菌群指标合格率均低于菌落总数指标合格率(P<0.01)。结论总大肠菌群污染可能是宾阳县农村生活饮用水水质合格率较低的主要原因。

OBJECTIVE To understand and master the dynamic changes and contributing factors to Binyang County drinking water quality. METHODS 27, 38 and 47 water quality monitoring stations were set up randomly from 2007 to 2009 respectively, spot evaluation on water sampling, type and coverage of population, together with water collection, testing and evaluation. RESULTS The proportion of Binyang County centralized water supply coverage in rural areas was 72.21%, 70.89%, 70.79% respectively in 2007 to 2009, which is higher than the average level of Guangxi in 2008（35.72%）; the population rate of Binyang County groundwater for drinking water（82.87%）, higher than in surface water（17.13%）. 2007—2009 water qualify rate was 42.59%, 51.00% and 52.50% respectively higher than the average level of Guangxi in 2008, which is 24.59%, among those qualify rate, there are 50.00%, 55.56% and 53.70% for centralized water; 37.50%, 45.65%, 51.52% for distributed water. For the 3 years, exclude 2008, the average water qualify in rainy season is lower than that of dry season, with statistics significance difference. The result of different water sampling testing： the indicator in terms of sensory, chemical and toxicology are more than 99.00%, while the microorganism indicator is quite low, especially the total of coliform group, only qualify between 38.89%～56.67%, no matter it is centralize water supply or distributed water supply, the qualify rate of total coliform group is lower than those of total plate count（P0.01）. CONCLUSION Total coliform group pollution may be the main factor of Binyang qualified drinking water quality in rural areas