社会史观与唯物史观:陈寅恪、唐长孺解读《桃花源记》的两个维度

张国刚探讨了以儒家伦理为中心的礼法名教的发展脉络。他认为,作为先秦时期百家中的一家,历经汉代与魏晋南北朝时期的发展,儒家经典被内化为士大夫风操,士族之家各有家法。唐代以来,士族开始与官爵脱钩,礼法文化也为更多的社会阶层所接受。随后兴起的理学,则是针对业已下移普及的礼法文化完成了一次理论化重建。牟发松对唐代"山人"作了考论,他认为,唐代"山人"大抵可分为为皇室神圣化、王朝正当化提供宗教论证型,身在山林、心在朝阙、走终南捷径型,参与政治又与政治保持一定距离型,以服食、医药等致长术之术为主的专业型。不过就"山人"身份的本来意义而言,应该是处山林之远,以在野的身份与朝廷之士相对。杜文玉根据《刘中礼墓志铭》等资料对唐代内诸司使中的牛羊使、武德使、客省使等使职职能作了补充研究,并对威远军的设置与罢废以及威远军使的设置情况作了详尽考述,指出了威远军使与监威远军使的区别。孙继民认为,社会史观与唯物史观是陈寅恪、唐长孺解读《桃花源记》的两个维度,在解读《桃花源记》过程中,陈寅恪是开拓者,并给后来者以启示;而唐长孺则是踵继者,自质疑始,又在质疑中继承,同时蕴涵超越。

Zhang Guo- gang thinks that ritual propriety in the Confucian ethic, after the development of the Han and Jin Dynasties, became the family law for the nobles, which was widely accepted by the common people in the Tang Dynasty, and neo - Confucianism was a reconstruction of the culture of ritual propriety. Mu Fa -song thinks that hermits of the Tang Dynasty lived in the mountains but their minds were still in the palace court. However, in the true sense, the hermits should llve in opposite of the palace offi- dais. Du Wen -yu does additional researches of some official functions in the Tang Dynasty and gives an investigation of Weiyuan military soldiers in detail and points out some differences from other military soldiers.