18世纪法国“饥荒阴谋”谣言的盛行及原因

On the reasons why the rumours of the famine plot were so prevalent in 18th century France

"饥荒阴谋"谣言的盛行是18世纪法国的一个独特现象。究其原因可从以下三个方面认知,即官商结合的谷物供给模式是造成"饥荒阴谋"谣言泛滥的制度因素;民众对生计的担忧以及对"道德经济"观的捍卫是"饥荒阴谋"谣言滋生的温床;地方官员和文人对"谷物丰裕说"的信奉,对绝对王权的批判促进了"饥荒阴谋"谣言在更大范围内传播。

The prevalence of the rumours of the famine plot is a particular phenomenon in 18th century France.However,the scholars haven＇t so far investigated thoroughly the reasons.Going deep in to the economic and social context of France at that time,this article discusses this question from three aspects： the grain supply system of the corporation between the Government and merchants is an institutional factor in the overflow of the rumours of the famine plot;in defense of their moral economy and livelihood,the populace remains vigilant at all times to the plot in the grain trade;the local officials and intellectuals＇ belief in doctrine of ＂the abundance of grain＂ and their crtiques about the absolute monarchy help to diffuse these rumours on a bigger scale and to a deeper extent.