史笔、诗史与心史:明末清初文学之“历史”轨迹

Historical Style,Epic and History of Soul——A Study on Epic Views of Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty

明末清初,诗人在"诗史"创作方面取得了很高成就。诗史源于诗人的"史笔","史笔作诗"使诗歌具"史体"。诗人对诗歌历史价值的再认识,促使"以诗纪史"成为诗人自觉的创作理念。诗人倡导诗歌要"补史之阙","诗可以正史之讹"、"以心为史"、"史外传心之史"新观点诞生,文学家亦对诗人主体性和诗歌抒情性进行重新认定。明末清初诗人独特的"诗史观"促进了叙事诗的发展,叙事与抒情相融合的诗史创作与以前的"诗史"创作拉开了差距,达到了一个新高度。这都是以往中国文学史所没有的。

In Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty,poets obtain great achievements on epic writings.The epic is originated from historical style,and poets write poems with historical style and make poems with the style.Poets recognize afresh those historical values of poems and advocated that poems should supplied the lack of history,furthermore give an new idea that poem should correct historical mistakes.They also put forwards new conceptions that poems about soul is the history of poet,poems is the history which sending minds besides the common history,they recognize the subjectivity of poets and lyricism of poems again.The unique epic view of this period promotes the development of narrative poems which combine narrative and lyric that widened the gap to the former epic works and reach a new height.