南宁市常见园林绿化植物冷害调查与分析

Investigations on chilling injuries of common landscape plants in Nanning City

【目的】掌握低温对南宁市常见园林绿化植物的影响,为今后应对低温冷冻灾害及城市园林绿化树种引种驯化等提供参考依据。【方法】以南宁市城区常见园林绿化植物为对象,对2008、2011年遭受冷害的园林绿化植物进行冷害情况调查与数据收集。主要采用对园林植物外部形态进行感观鉴定的方法,对园林植物的叶、芽、枝、整株等的生长指标、组织褐变等进行观察。【结果】所调查的46科109种植物中,2008年有36科66种受害,受害率为60.6%,2011年有36科41种受害,受害率为37.6%。其中,受害等级Ⅳ～Ⅴ级的树种2008年为17科25种、2011年为3科3种;受害等级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级的树种2008年为14科17种、2011年为11科18种;其余树种受害等级均在Ⅱ级以下。【结论】造成园林绿化植物严重受害的主要原因是长时间的持续低温及南方对长期低温天气的防控应对措施相对薄弱。植物品种选择、植物冷害预防及植物冷害后的及时补救处理是避免植物大面积遭受冷害的关键。

[Objective]Effects of cold conditions on landscape plants were investigated in Nanning City in order to prepare cryogenic disaster management tactics and develop some control measures.[Method]The common landscape plants in Nanning City were selected for the current study,the growth indices of leaf,bud,branch and whole plant,and tissue browning of plant were investigated under cold temperature by visual observation of external morphology in 2008 and 2011.[Result]Total 109 species of plants corresponding to 46 families were investigated.The results showed that 66 species of plants（60.6%） corresponding to 36 families were injured in 2008 and 41 species of plants（37.6%） from 36 families were injured in 2011.Among all the plants studied,the damage attained grades Ⅳ-Ⅴ in 25 species of 17 families in 2008 and 3 species of 3 families in 2011.While the damages attained grades Ⅱand Ⅲ in 17 species of 14 families in 2008 and 18 species of 11 families in 2011.The damages in other species were found below the grade Ⅱ.[Conclusion]The main reasons responsible for the serious chilling injury in landscape plants were identified as persistent low temperature and relatively weak resistance and control strategies against cold temperatures.The selection of plant species suitable for resisting cold temperatures,prevention of chilling injury and timely control measures for cold temperature caused damage have been suggested to avoid chilling injuries in landscape plantations.