四倍体西瓜嫁接栽培试验

Grafting and cultivation experiments on tetraploid watermelon

【目的】为解决广西四倍体西瓜生产连茬存在枯萎病危害的难题提供依据。【方法】以广西本地葫芦作砧木,与广西四倍体西瓜自交系402、403和四倍体西瓜杂交组合403×B15、403×JL、402×JL进行嫁接育苗和嫁接栽培试验,观察嫁接成活率及嫁接栽培对四倍体西瓜早熟性、枯萎病抗性、产量、果实品质的影响。【结果】5个嫁接组合的嫁接亲和性好,成活率高达97.14%~100.00%;第2雌花开花期比实生苗晚2~3d,节位升高1~2节;高抗枯萎病;平均单果重和产量均优于实生苗栽培,以402×JL增产效果最明显;果实中可溶性固形物含量、瓤色、质地、口感风味与实生苗栽培无明显差异。【结论】采用广西本地葫芦作砧木,与广西四倍体西瓜自交系402、403和四倍体西瓜杂交组合403×B15、403×JL、402×JL进行嫁接栽培是可行的,适宜在大田生产中推广应用。

[Objective]An grafting experiment was conducted with the tetraploid watermelon varieties,viz.,402,403 and their cross combinations in order to explore the possibilities of Fusarium wilt control in continuous cropping system of tetraploid watermelon in Guangxi.[Method]The local calabash was used as rootstock and watermelon varieties 402 and 403,and their cross combinations（403×B15,403×JL and 402×JL） were used as scion.Graft survival rates were recorded at 10th day after grafting,and the early maturity,resistance to Fusarium wilt disease,yield and fruit quality have been observed.[Result]The five grafted combinations showed good compatibilities and their graft survival rates ranged from 97.14-100.00%.The date of the second female flowers blooming in grafted watermelon plants was delayed by 2-3 days compared to original ones.However,the node of the second female flower raised by 2 nodes.All the five grafted combinations showed high-resistance to Fusarium wilt disease.Their average single fruit weight and yield were higher than those of original ones and the highest increase in yield was observed in grafted watermelon combination of 402×JL.No significant differences in soluble solid content,pulp color,fruit texture and flavor were observed between grafted watermelon plants and original ones.[Conclusion]The results revealed the resistance to Fusarium wilt disease in grafted plants using local calabash as rootstock and tetraploid watermelon（402 and 403） and their cross combinations（403×B15,403×JL and 402×JL） as scion.The grafting technology was found suitable for promotion and application in commercial production of watermelons.