南方早熟梨二次开花的成因及防治研究进展

Research advances on secondary blooming in south early-maturing pear and its control measures

南方早熟梨二次开花常导致翌年挂果率低、小果率增多,影响产量和经济效益,是目前生产上面临的主要问题之一。研究证实,气候条件、栽培管理措施、品种生理特性是引起南方早熟梨二次开花的主要原因。通过选择适宜品种、加强病虫害防治、合理肥水供应、科学整形修剪及调控挂果量,可有效防治南方早熟梨二次开花。对于已二次开花的梨树,可采取加强营养供给、及时剪除已抽生花枝的枝梢、内接花芽等措施,以更新树体、恢复树势,提高坐果率和产量。加强抗性品种选育,在坚持"预防为主,综合防治"原则的基础上,强化植物激素、酶学及分子生物学研究,是未来研究工作的重点。

The present paper reviewed the research advances on the factors causing secondary blooming in south early-maturing pear and its control measures.The secondary blooming in pears is a major concern of the current researches,and led to low fruit-bearing rate and small-fruit,and affects its yield and economic benefit.Various researches proved that climatic conditions,cultivation and management techniques and physiological properties of varieties were the main factors causing the secondary blooming in south early-maturing pear.The selection of suitable varieties,integrated management of controlling disease and insect pests,balanced irrigation and fertilizer applications,scientific pruning and adjustment of fruit number per plant may effectively control and prevent secondary blooming.Some measures could be adopted for the secondary blooming trees which included increased nutrient supply,timely cutting of flowering branches and inner graft of blossom buds,etc.,in order to update south early-maturing pear tree,restore vigour and improve fruit-bearing rate and yield.The future researches should be more focused on breeding resistant varieties,adherence to the principle of comprehensive prevention and control of secondary blooming while giving priority to prevention,and understanding the roles of phytohormone,enzymology and molecular biology in controlling the secondary blooming.