罗汉果基质栽培试验初报

Effect of different cultural media on seedling growth and fruit quality of Siraitia grosvenorii

【目的】明确不同栽培基质对罗汉果幼苗生长及果实品质的影响。【方法】以蘑菇渣、大田土栽培罗汉果,比较不同栽培基质对罗汉果幼苗生长和果实品质的影响,并测定不同时期不同栽培基质及罗汉果植株的营养状况。【结果】蘑菇渣栽培的罗汉果平均株高、真叶数分别为97.25cm、33.75张,比土壤栽培分别多32.10cm、8.12张;种植前、开花及采收期蘑菇渣中速效N、速效P、速效K、有效Mg含量均高于大田土;开花期蘑菇渣栽培的罗汉果叶片全P、全K、全B含量均低于土壤栽培,而采收期蘑菇渣栽培的罗汉果叶片和茎的全N、全P、全K含量均低于土壤栽培;蘑菇渣栽培罗汉果果实中平均可溶性固形物、水溶性总糖、甜素含量分别比土壤栽培高2.90%、1.91%、1.60%,达显著差异水平。【结论】采用不同栽培基质对罗汉果幼苗生长及果实品质均有影响,生产上应合理选择栽培基质,建立标准化设施栽培技术体系,以提升罗汉果的品质和种植效益。

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to identify the effects of different cultural media on the growth of Siraitia grosvenorii seedling and its fruit quality.[Method]The seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii were cultured in mushroom residue and field soil.The growth of seedlings and its fruit quality were compared in both media.The nutrient status of different media and Siraitia grosvenorii at different growth stages were also tested.[Result]In plants cultured with mushroom residue,the average plant height（97.25 cm） and number of euphylla（33.75 leaves） increased by 32.10 cm and 8.12 leaves,respectively,compared to the plants cultured in field soils.The available N,P,K and Mg contents in mushroom residue were found to be higher before planting,at flowering stage and at harvest stage compared to those in field soils.The total P,K and B contents in leaves of Siraitia grosvenorii plants cultured in mushroom residue were lower than that cultured in field soil at flowering stage.While at harvest stage,the total N,P and K contents in leaves and stems of plants cultured in mushroom residue were all lower than those cultured in field soil.The soluble solid,total water-soluble sugar and glycosides contents in Siraitia grosvenorii fruits cultured in mushroom residue increased significantly by 2.90,1.91 and 1.60%,respectively compared to those cultured in field soil.[Conclusion]The results revealed varied effects of different cultural media on the growth of Siraitia grosvenorii seedling and its fruit quality.It has been suggested to choose appropriate cultural medium and develop a standardized culture technology in order to improve the quality and economic benefits.