李光地“朱陆兼采”学风论析——以《读孟子劄记》为考察中心

An Analysis of Li Guangdi's Study Style of "Compatibleness between Zhu and Lu"

清康熙朝大力表彰程朱理学,清初学界一时大有"由王返朱"之势。李光地作为理学大臣,其《读孟子劄记》却反映出"朱陆兼采"的思想趋向,并成为他此期学术的重点与特色。从李光地对孟子"工夫论"的阐释可见他试图用程朱所强调的"工夫论"来弥补陆王"空疏"的缺陷,以实现治学思想上的"本"、"末"两全。榕村之论带有调和朱陆或称"朱陆兼采"的色彩,强调为学工夫。当时,"弃虚蹈实"已成学术共识,李光地的"朱陆兼采"学风正是顺应了学术思潮在"虚"与"实"之间的转换,代表着清初学风必将弃"尊德性"之"虚"而走上"实而又实"的"道问学"路径,从而开启乾隆年间考据学风的先河。

There was an academic transformation from Wang School to Zhu School in academia during the reign of Emperor Kangxi.However Li Guangdi＇s Reviews on Mencius embodied some characters of ＂compatibleness between Zhu and Lu＂.Li tried to remedy the defects of Lu-Wang School with Chen-Zhu School in his elaborations on the ＂Gong fu Thought＂ of Mencius.The study style of ＂compatibleness between Zhu and Lu＂ was reconciled to the academia transformation form ＂Xu＂ to ＂Shi＂ in the early Qing Dynasty,and initiated the textual criticism during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.