广州南沙十九涌三种植物生境的大型底栖动物群落

Macrofaunal Community at Three Botanic Habitats in the 19th Yong of Nansha Guangzhou

于2007和2008年选择广州南沙十九涌海桑、芦苇和海雀椑三种植物生境,对大型底栖动物四个季度定量调查研究.结果显示:芦苇区计有大型底栖动物16种,密度2 236 ind.m-2,生物量6.61 g.m-2;海雀椑区计有大型底栖动物22种,密度1 298 ind.m-2,生物量7.71 g.m-2;海桑区计有大型底栖动物11种,密度429 ind.m-2,生物量3.73 g.m-2.结果表明:海雀椑区大型底栖动物种类多样性最高,海桑区最低,与海雀椑区及芦苇区差异较大.海雀椑生境四个季度的大型底栖动物密度优势种较明显不同,冬季为小头虫和沼蚓,春季为中华蜾赢蜚,夏季为莫顿长尾虾,秋季为疣吻沙蚕.三种植物生境间大型底栖动物群落结构、物种数、密度显著差异的原因与不同季节的气候变化及植物高度有关.

We investigated the seasonal variations of the macrofaunal community structure in three botanic habitats（Sonneratia caseolaris,Phragmites australis and Paspalum vaginatum） from 2007 to 2008.A total of 28 macrobethos species were found in Phragmites australis habitat.The average density is 2 236 ind·m-2 and the average biomass is 6.61 g·m-2.The Sonneratia caseolaris habitat has a total of 11 macrobethos species.The average density and average biomass were 429 ind·m-2 and 3.73 g·m-2.The species richness index（d） in four seasons is the highest at Paspalum vaginatum habitat and the lowest at Sonneratia caseolaris habitat.The dominant species is different in four seasons,for examples,Capitella capitata and olichaete dominated in winter,Corophium sinensis dominated in spring,Gollumudes mortoni dominated in summer,Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus dominated in autumn.The causes of the differences in macrofaunal community structure,species number and average density among the three botanic habitats are due to climate changes in different seasons and height of plants.