丝绸之路陇右南道甘肃东段的形成与变迁

Formation and Evolution of the East Gansu Partof the Southern Longyou Silk Road

丝绸之路陇右南道形成于春秋时期,战国晚期至西汉初年获得初步发展。西汉时期,在原有西行道路的基础上,开辟了一条经张川、秦安、静宁、通渭、定西、榆中至兰州西固渡黄河通青海或河西的官道,称为陇右南道东段北线。东汉以后,随着行政中心南移、沿线人口减少和自然环境的劣化以及畜牧经济的发展,北线逐渐衰落,而经清水、天水、甘谷、陇西、渭源、临洮、临夏入青海的南线秦州路逐渐成为西行主干道。至唐代、北宋,陇右南道甘肃东段南线更加繁荣。但由于受区域政治形势的影响,唐代陇右南道东段北线与南线个别路段走向发生了改变。北宋以后,陇右南道秦州路趋于衰落,逐渐被由关中西入平凉,翻越六盘山至隆德、静宁、会宁,再翻越华家岭,经定西至兰州的新线路取代。

The Southern Longyou Silk Road formed in the Spring and Autumn Period.From the Warring States to the early Western Han Dynasty it was in the initial development.In the Western Han period,along the existing road,the government opened a main road passing through Zhangjiachuan,Qin＇an,Jingning,Tongwei,Dingxi,Yuzhong,Xigu District of Lanzhou to Qinghai or Hexi Corridor,known as the northern line of Gansu part of the Southern Longyou Road.After the Eastern Han Dynasty,because of the southward moving of the administrative center,the degradation of natural environment and the decline of population,the line through Tianshui,Gangu,Longxi,Weiyuan,Lintao,Linxia into Qinghai,gradually became the main road.The southern line was very prosperous in the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty.But the direction of individual sections changed due to the regional political situation in the Tang Dynasty.After the Northern Song it tended to decline,and was gradually replaced by the line from West Guanzhong through Pingliang,Liupanshan Mountain,Jingning,Huajialing Mountain,Dingxi to Lanzhou.