平山县西柏坡农村留守儿童心理状况及其影响因素研究

A Study of Psychological Status of Leftover Children in Xibaipo Town and Relative Influence Factors

目的通过对河北省平山县西柏坡镇儿童的基本情况和心理健康状况的调查,了解当地农村留守儿童存在的心理问题及其影响因素,为学校和家庭对留守儿童的教育提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查的方式普查西柏坡镇所有中小学共464名学生,采用自行编制的调查表调查儿童的基本情况、家庭情况和心理健康情况,运用EpiData 3.0进行数据录入,SPSS 17.0进行数据分析。结果共回收有效问卷446份(96.12%),其中农村留守儿童占43.5%,共194名。统计分析结果显示,留守儿童的消极情绪明显高于非留守儿童(χ2=12.484,P<0.001),其中父母双方均外出的儿童最明显。影响儿童情感的主要因素是学习成绩和是否为留守儿童。结论农村留守儿童的心理健康状况较非留守儿童差,双亲外出打工和母亲外出打工的留守儿童心理情况尤为突出。留守及学习成绩是影响儿童心理健康状况的主要因素。应加强对农村留守儿童身心发展的关注,积极制定相应的政策和干预措施,促进其健康成长。

Objective To investigate the basic condition and psychological health status of children in rural areas of Xibaipo town in Hebei province,learn the psychological problems of the leftover children and their influencing factors,and provide scientific basis for the school and family education for the leftover children.Methods A questionnaire survey was performed on 446 middle and primary school students in Xibaipo town,and the self-designed questionnaire was applied to collect the basic condition,family condition and psychological health status of the children.EpiData 3.0 and SPSS 17.0 were used to perform data entry and data analyses,respectively.Results The survey displayed that the leftover children accounted for 43.5% of the total number of students.The negative emotion of leftover children was significantly stronger than that of non-leftover children（χ2=12.484,P0.001）,especially for children with both parents living far away.The main factors affecting children＇s emotion were their academic performance and whether they were left behind by their parents.Conclusion The psychological health status of the leftover children is poorer than that of non-leftover children,especially for children with both parents working outside and mothers working outside.Being left over and the academic performance are the factors affecting children＇s mental condition.More attention should be paid to the physical and mental development of leftover children and vigorous efforts should be exerted to formulate corresponding policies and take countermeasures so as to promote healthy growth of children.