试论沈涛的《说文》逸字研究

On Shen Tao's Study about Lost Characters of Shuo Wen Jie Zi

清代沈涛的《说文古本考》虽非研究《说文》逸字的专门之作,但其补充《说文》失收的逸字凡141个,数量可观。在详细考察所补逸字的基础上,总结其考证条例有二:一、根据《说文》本书和他书的说解作为内证增补逸字;二、利用他书引用《说文》的异文作为外证增补逸字。进一步利用后世发现的沈涛所未见及的前代典籍印证《古本考》的结论,认为《古本考》方法可行,征引资料丰富,考证翔实有据,因而结论大多可信。尽管在过去学界对《古本考》很少关注,但事实已经证明它的价值不容忽视。沈涛的研究方法将为我们提供有益的借鉴,他的研究成果是《说文》校勘和大型辞书编纂的有益资粮。

Shuo Wen Gu Ben Kao written by Shen Tao in the Qing Dynasty is not a special works on lost Characters of Shuo Wen Jie Zi,but it supplemented 141 lost Characters for Shuo Wen Jie Zi and this number is considerable.On the basis of carefully studying the lost Characters,we found that there are two methods for studying lost Characters which had been used by Shen Tao： internal evidence and external evidence.The former is mainly from Shuo Wen Jie Zi itself and other books＇ expressions on Shuo Wen,the latter mainly bases a large number of variant Characters on Shuo Wen.After a further corroboration,the author believes that Shen Tao＇s methods is feasible to studying lost Characters and he made a detailed study about it with a lot of materials of Shuo Wen,so most of its results is reliable.The facts have showed that Gu Ben Kao＇s academic value is indispensable in spite of fact that academic circles paid little attention to its valuation for a long time in the past.Shen Tao＇s methods for studying about lost Characters will give us a good reference and his results will offer great help for the collation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi and the compilation of great dictionary.