民事诉讼证明妨碍制度基本概念辨析

On the Basic Concepts of Spoliation of Evidence Obstruction System in Civil Procedure

我国国内学者一般将证明妨碍定义得较为简单,而且,国内学者一般也不区分证明妨碍、证明妨害和举证妨碍,都是在同一语义上使用这些词汇。本文参照日本和我国多数学者的习惯用法,采用证明妨碍的用语。证明妨碍制度是指当事人因可归责于对方当事人或第三人诉讼中或诉讼外、故意或过失的作为或不作为,致使自己的证明行为变得困难或不可能,从而法院在认定事实上作出对被妨碍的当事人有利调整的制度。

Domestic scholars define spoliation of evidence relatively simple,and they do not distinguish among spoliation of evidence,proof of prejudice and proving prejudice that are used for the same denotation.Referring to the usage of the Japanese scholars and the majority of domestic scholars,this paper discusses that spoliation of evidence is the system that one party can attribute to the other party or a third person in or out of proceedings,intentional or negligent act or omission,thus resulting in his own actions proving difficultly or impossibly,which leads the court to decide on the assured fact to make a beneficial adjustment for the impeded parties.