城镇污水污泥土地利用风险及收益-成本分析

Analysis of the Risk and Benefit-Cost in pplication of Municipal Sewage Sludge Land

随着我国城镇污水处理率的不断提高和污泥产量的迅速增加,污泥处置利用问题日益突出.针对我国污泥土地利用发展比较困难的客观情况,运用环境经济学原理和方法,对污泥土地利用的风险、收益和成本进行了分析,得出了微观上风险可控、宏观上潜力较大和应当避免不当激励的结论,证明了污泥土地利用不仅非市场化收益很大,而且又与其他处置方式相比突出的低成本.为了促进我国污泥土地利用的科学发展,建议借鉴美国的经验,坚持谨慎而又科学合理的原则.尽快突破污泥土地利用技术水平低、发展缓慢、政策模糊的状况,建立以污泥土地利用为主要方向的污泥处置利用产业政策和有效的风险管理体系.

With the rise in urban wastewater treatment rate and increase in sewage sludge production in China,the sewage sludge disposal and utilization have become increasingly prominent.The paper makes an analysis of the risk,benefit and cost of the sewage sludge use by using the principles and methods in environmental economics.The conclusion is that the risk is controllable,the potentiality is generally great and inappropriate encouragement policy should be avoided.It is proved that the non-market profits of sewage sludge use is great with much lower cost than other disposals.In order to develop the scientific usage of sewage sludge,China should learn from American experience.The stratigies include：holding firmly prudent and rational policies;changing as soon as possible the situation of low-level technology,slow development and ambiguous policies,and establishing industrial policies of sewage sludge land application and an effective risk management system.