眼免疫赦免的两面性及其临床意义

Dimorphism of immune privilege in eyes and its clinical significance

眼的免疫赦免起因于眼自身对全身免疫反应诱导和表达的修饰。将抗原接种于眼前房可以诱导一种偏离形式的全身性免疫反应 ,称为前房相关免疫偏离 (ACAID)。ACAID的主要特征是 :( 1)抗原特异性迟发型超敏反应 (DTH)和补体结合性抗体反应的缺陷 ;( 2 )产生独特的调节性T细胞亚群。这种偏离式反应一方面保护了视力的完整性 ,免受诸如外伤、感染和炎症反应的持续性威胁 ;另一方面 ,也赋予了眼易发诸如肿瘤持续性生长和疱疹病毒感染后急性视网膜坏死的危险性。

Immune privilege in eyes results from eye dependent modifications of induction and expression of immunity.Antigens placed within the anterior chamber of the eye induce a deviant form of systemic immunity that is called anterior chamber associated immune deviation(ACAID).The main hallmarks of ACAID are(1) antigen specific deficits in delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) and complement fixing antibodies and(2) a unique spectrum of regulatory T cells.On the one hand,above deviant response protects perfect vision from constant threats such as trauma,infection,and inflammation.On the other hand,the eye is rendered vulnerably to such diseases as ocular tumor growth without restraint and acute retinal necrosis during ocular infection with herpes virus.