血液病长期住院患者感染危险因素分析及护理

Analysis of the risk factors of infection of long-term hospitalization patients with blood disease and nursing care

目的：探讨引起血液病长期住院患者发生感染的危险因素及护理方法。方法：收集我院2006年10月~2010年12月900例血液病长期住院患者的临床资料,对患者发生感染的因素进行回顾性调查和分析,实施针对性护理措施。结果：148例（16.44%）发生感染,病原菌种类包括革兰阴性杆菌、真菌、革兰阳性球菌、病毒感染等,以革兰阴性杆菌和真菌为主。感染部位以上呼吸道、下呼吸道为主,其他依次为口腔、泌尿系统、皮肤、胃肠道及血液等,年龄、化疗和放疗、基础疾病、激素和免疫抑制剂应用、抗菌药物使用是感染的危险因素。结论：血液病长期住院患者感染发生率较高,危险因素多,加强和完善系统化护理是降低感染发生率的主要措施。

Objective： To discuss the risk factors of infection of long-term hospitalization patients with blood disease and nursing methods.Methods： The clinical data of 900 long-term hospitalization patients with blood disease（October 2006 ~ December 2010） were collected and the risk factors of infection of the patients retrospectively analyzed,and then the appropriate nursing measures were implemented.Results： Infection occurred in 148 patients（16.44%）,which included gram-negative bacteria,fungi,Gram-positive bacteria and virus infections.Gram-negative bacteria and fungi infection was mainly found.The upper and lower respiratory tract were usually affected followed by oral cavity,urinary system,skin,gastrointestinal tract and blood,etc;the risk factors of infection were age,chemotherapy and radiotherapy,underlying diseases,the use of hormones and immunosuppressive agents and antibacterial drugs.Conclusion： The incidence of infections was often seen in the long-term hospitalization patients with blood disease and the patients also have many risk factors of infection,therefore strengthening and improving the systematic nursing care is the major measure to reduce the infection rate of the patients.