民国时期新疆维吾尔族民事司法制度研究

The Uyghur Civil Justice System in Xinjiang from 1912 to 1949

民国时期维吾尔族民事司法制度的总体特征是由二元体系向统一的近代法制嬗变。宗教法庭代表了伊斯兰教法和传统民事习惯对维吾尔族的影响,政府司法机构代表了中央集权以及近代化的法律制度对维吾尔族的影响,两种司法制度并存,相互交织,共同作用于近代维吾尔族民间社会。在新疆法制近代化的进程中,宗教法庭的司法权逐渐削弱,国家司法机关对维吾尔族民事司法领域的影响力起到了主导作用。伊斯兰教法对维吾尔族民事领域影响的逐渐削弱,实际上是继清代宗教法庭失去刑事审判权的延续,这符合历史发展的趋势和方向。

The general characteristics of the Uyghur civil justice system during the Republic of China is a binary system evolving to a unified modern legal system. The Islamic religious court and traditional civil habits represents an influence on the Uyghur, and the official judicial organs represent an influence of the central government and the modern legal system on the Uyghur..The two judicial systems coexist, interact and produce an effect on modern Uyghur civil society. In the process of legal modernization in Xinjiang, religious jurisdiction has gradually weakened and the state judiciary has played a dominant role. The weakening, in fact, follows the loss of the Qing Dynasty court＇s religious criminal jurisdiction, and is in line with the trend and direction of historical development.