中国昆虫区系成分构成及分布特点

The elements of insect fauna in China and distribution characteristics

为了从总体土明确中国昆虫的区系成分构成及其分布特徵，以10目109科的20，330有效种昆虫作为大样本，封其区系成分构成及分布特徵进行了分析。结果显示：4种区系成分中，东亚成分是中国昆虫的主体，有11，529种，占56．71％；东洋成分5，270种，占25％左右；古北成分2，982种，占14．67％；广布成分346种，不足2％。其分布特徵分别是：广布种类均匀而广泛地分布于全国各省区，各省区的总相似性系数为0．453，接近0．5的显着水平；古北种类和东洋种类分别和地理纬度有显着的正相关和负相关关系；东亚成分中的中日种类有1，420种，各省区从东向西逐渐减少，其占本省区种类的比例和地理经度成显着正相关；中国特有种类10，109种，主要分布在沿古北、东洋两界分界线的省区、华中区各省和台湾省，对其进行的多元相似性聚类分析显示出中国昆虫地理区划的基本框架。关键区系分析表明优先保护顺序是云南、台湾、四川、新疆、西藏、海南、河南、黑龙江等。因此今後对东亚成分，特别是中国特有种类应给与更多的关注，过去的多数研究中，将它们分别划为东洋种类、古北种类和广布种类，显然是不合适的．

Based on 20,330 valid species belonging to 109 Families of 10 Orders as a large sample, the fauna element as well as its distribution character were analyzed. The fauna analysis results showed, among the 4 fauna elements, there were 11,529 species, occupied 56.71%, belonging to the East Asian element, which constituted the main body of Chinese insects, there were 5,270 species belonging to the Oriental element, occupied 25% or so, there were 2,982 species belong to the Palaearctic element, occupied 14.67%, there were 346 species belonging to Eurytopic element, occupied a little less than 2%. The distribution characters were described as the following, respectively. Eurytopic species were evenly and widely distributed in each province in China, the total similarity coefficient of each province was near significance level. There were significant positive or negative correlation between the Palaearctic or Oriental species and the geographic latitude. There were 1,420 species belonging to Chinese-Japanese species in East Asian element, the species reduced gradually from east to west in each province, and the ratio of Chinese-Japanese species to the species of whole province was positive correlated with the geographic longitude. There were 10,109 endemic species mainly distributed in those provinces which were situated along the boundary of the Palaearctic and Oriential realm, the central China province, and Taiwan province. The basic frameworks of insect region division of China were showed by the multivariate similarity cluster analysis. Based on the key fauna analysis, the priority regions for conservation were proposed in the sequence of Yunnan, Taiwan, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Hainan, Henan, Heilongjiang, and so on. So the authors appealed that it should pay close attention to the East Asian element, especially the endemic species of China, which were divided into Oriental species, Palaearctic species or Eurytopic species in most researches in the past, obviously, that was not the right way to follow.