美国Onondaga湖治理过程的启示

Suggestion of Onondage Lake restoration in the United States

中国很多湖泊处于严重富营养化状况，急待治理。美国Onondaga湖处于人口密集的城市下游，与中国很多湖泊类似，曾经污染严重，被称为“美国富营养化最严重的湖泊”，人们一度认为治理前景黯淡。1998年启动的污染治理行动，以提升污水处理厂除磷水平，要求出水总磷浓度从平均0．6mg／L降低到0．02mg／L以下；提高合流制下水道溢流处理能力为主要手段，Onondaga湖水质和富营养化状况有了明显改善。中国某些湖泊，如滇池，即使城市污水全部治理达标，排入滇池，也将使滇池总磷达到0．25mg／L，速速超过了富营养化危险浓度。从Onondaga湖治理方案可以看出，中国的污水处理厂应根据排放水体的治理要求，制定合适的污水处理标准，这是中国很多湖泊富营养化治理的必要措施之一.

Onondaga Lake, an eutrophication lake in USA, just like many lakes in China, is one of the most eutrophicated lakes in the United States. in 1998, The Onondaga Lake Management plan, along with the Amended Consent Judgment （ACJ） was issued. The Onondaga Lake＇s water quality has improved significantly since they improved combined sewer and wastewater treatment plants to reduce total phosphorus release from sewer wastewater. The total phosphorus in effluent of wastewater treatment plant reduced from 0.6 mg/L to 0.12 mg/L and will decrease to 0.02 mg/L. Form this analysis, we can see that, when we restore our lakes, we need to enhance wastewater treatment to improve quality of discharge and reduce total phosphorus release from wastewater treatment plant effluent.