遗传变异和表达新概念

A new concept about genetic variation and expression degree

根据发育生物学，有性杂交F1杂合子，细胞核来自雌、雄配子细胞核结合，细胞质来自雌配子。以高梁和玉米为材料，特设杂交试验，区分细胞核和细胞质不同遗传意义。根据试验结果，通遇数理统计分析，抽象提出新概念：“遗传性状决定于细胞核基因，表达依细胞质遗传变异显性力从0到1而转移。”此扬弃了表达决定于基因显、隐性概念，代之以细胞质遗传变异显性力概念。“物种存在潜伏变异性，杂交由于细胞核遗传异质，产生激发变异。”此在遗传性状决定于细胞核基因基础上，引申提出激发变异概念。根据新概念，提出新理论设想、推导出数学模型：F1：y／（tana）[（x-y）＋L]。各种数量性状遗传现象落在F1方程式AB回归贱的某一点或某一线段上，是遗传和变异因素相互关系的必然结果，可归纳为超亲律和弱亲律等8条规律，都具有各自的数学摸型。这一新概念将会产生深远的影响，对杂交可育种和杂种优势利用有新的理论解释。可用超亲律和超均亲律来选定优良杂交组合，可用该新概念和理论指导三系配套，F1方程式可应用于对未知後代预测：综合不同条件下的试验资料，预测同一条件和不同条件的未知后代。

A new concept about inheritance of F1 Quantitative Characters was proposed by using statistical analysis of quantitative characters in sexual cross filial generations with sorghum and maize as experimental materials. The paper revealed that the genetic behavior of characters is determined by nuclear genes, but the expression degree depends on the dominant ability of cytoplasmic variance. The concept of the expression determined by the dominant and recessive of nuclear genes in classical genetics are replaced by a new concept of expression degree depends on the dominant ability of cytoplasmic variance. The nuclear ofheterozygote produced from sexual cross comes from the combination of male and female gametic nuclei, and cytoplasm comes from female parent. Because of the nuclear genetic heterogeneity in heterozygote, add-minus variance and induced-variance occurs, under the interaction of both male and female gametic nuclear materials. In conclusion, the expression degree depends on dominant ability of cytoplasmic variance ranging from 0 to 1. So, the following equation could be deducted： F1=Y＋（tana）[（x-y）＋L]. F1 quantitative characters could be classified into 8 phenomena, whose points or line segments could be located on AB regression of F1 equation. These phenomena are the results of the interaction of the inheritance and variation. Then, some principles about F1 quantitative characters were found as following： Equal-parental principle, super-parental principle, hypo-parental principle, mid-parental principle, mean-parental principle, super-mean-parental principle, hypo-mean parental principle and partial-parental principle. We could predict the unknown filial generations by special experiments which collect the experimental materials under different conditions by using F1 equation.