目前学术界关于乡镇政府体制改革的认识误区

Cognitive Mistakes Concerning the Structure Reform of Township Government in the Present Academic Circle

近年来,国内学术界围绕乡镇政府体制改革提出了“撤销乡镇”、“乡镇自治”、“乡公所制”、“县政乡派村治”、“削弱乡镇”或“加强乡镇”等政策主张。这既表明了人们对于乡镇政府的地位和功能认识不清,也显示了人们对乡镇政府到底是“弱化”还是“强化”、“行政化”还是“自治化”的基本判断存在着严重分歧。追根溯源,问题的关键在于西方政治社会学理论中关于“国家——社会”二元对立的认识范式不足以说明“国家/皇权—地方精英/士绅—乡村社会/农民”之间的互动关系;而“现代国家政权建设理论”虽然注意到了“国家——社会”非均质性的特点,但其整体论与实体论的理论品格仍然成为其致命的缺陷。因此,只有主体通过“他者视角”反观自身的“视阈剩余”时,才有可能把握主体的“超在性”,而一切“外来语”和主观推断,终究是不能站稳脚跟走好自己的路。

In recent years, the acadenfic circle in China advanced different proposals such as ＂canceling the township government＂, ＂villages and towns self-government＂, ＂village office system＂, ＂county administration, countryside appointment and village governance＂, ＂weakening the authority of township government＂ or ＂strengthening the authority of township government＂, which shows that people have no clear understanding of the position and function of township government and differ from each other in the fundamental judgment on whether to weaken or strengthen the authority of township government and whether to administrate the towns and villages by government or make them autonomous. The author thinks that the main reasons for these problems are because the dual antithetic epistemological paradigm of ＂country-society＂ in the Western political sociology theory cannot fully demonstrate the interaction relationship between country/imperial authorities, local elite/gentry and rural society/farmers, while the ＂theory of modern state regime construction＂ has fatal defects because of its holism and entity theory though it notices the heterogeneity feature between country and society. In the author＇s point of view, only by finding our own blind spot from the others＇ visual angle can we be self-transcendent and we should not fully depend on others＇ judgment or subjective deduction.