南昌市常住儿童与流动儿童10种免疫规划疫苗接种率的比较

Comparison of Immunization Coverage rate of Ten Vaccines between Local Children and Floating Children

目的了解南昌市10种免疫规划疫苗的接种状况,比较常住儿童与流动儿童的接种率水平。方法采用分层随机抽样方法。结果常住儿童预防接种建证率、建卡率、卡证符合率及卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹减毒活疫苗(BCG、HepB、OPV、DPT、MV)基础免疫(初种)(包括麻风疫苗)和加强免疫(复种)合格接种率均>95%,脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)疫苗(MPV、JEV)基础免疫合格接种率分别达80.8%、92.9%,加强免疫合格接种率分别为80.4%、86.7%。与常住儿童相比,流动儿童的建证率、建卡率、卡证符合率分别低38、16、40个百分点,基础免疫针次合格接种率,各项指标常住儿童与流动儿童之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。另外,所有疫苗针次中以超期和未种多。结论南昌市常住儿童基础免疫各疫苗针次接种率维持在较高水平,3岁以后的加强免疫接种有待加强。流动儿童的接种率水平显著低于常住儿童。针对流动儿童接种率低的情况,需加强流动儿童的免疫规划管理工作,有针对性地采取措施,减少免疫空白,提高接种质量。

[Objective]To understand vaccination status of 10 vaccines involved in Expanded Programon Immunization(EPI) in Nanchang city,compare the immunization coverage rate between local children and floating children.[Methods]The stratified random sampling method was adopted.[Results]Among local children,the immunization card rate,immunization certificate rate,the compatible card-certificate rate,the qualified coverage for the routine immunization of 5 vaccines(BCG,HepB,OPV,DPT,MV),and the qualified coverage for the booster immunization of this 5 vaccines all reached 95%.The qualified coverage for the routine immunization of MPV and JEV was 80.8% and 92.9% respectively,and the qualified coverage for the booster immunization was 80.4% and 86.7% respectively.The immunization card rate,immunization certificate rate and the compatible card-certificate rate of floating children was lower than that of local children by 38,16 and 40 percent respectively.There were significant differences in all indexes between the local children and floating children(P<0.01).The non-qualified immunization mainly attributed to overdue vaccination and absent vaccination.[Conclusion]The coverage rates of routine immunization vaccines among local children in Nanchang maintained a high level,but the booster immunization after 3 years old should be strengthened.The coverage rates of floating children was significantly lower that that of local children.So it is essential to improve the immunization management among floating children,carry out the special measures,as so to reduce immunization blank and improve vaccination quality.