中国北方商周时期的铜胄

Bronze Helments of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in North China

迄今我国北方地区发现的商周时期铜胄,相对于同时期其他青铜兵器数量较少,至今还缺乏综合性研究。本文在全面收集北方出土商周时期铜胄资料的基础上,运用考古类型学方法,对铜胄进行类型式划分,判断各式铜胄的年代,将铜胄的发展划分为商代晚期、西周早中期、西周晚期到春秋早期、春秋中期等四个阶段;根据铜胄出土地点,将其划分为中原和长城地带两个区域,从纵横两方面对铜胄进行全面分析,勾画出商周时期铜胄的发展过程,并且探讨了北方式铜胄和欧亚草原腹地铜胄之间的关系。

There have been few comprehensive studies on bronze hehnets of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties unearthed in north China, which are in small quantity compared to other contemporary bronze weapons. Based on an extensive research on the Shang and Zhou bronze helmets unearthed in north China, this paper uses archaeological typology to categorize and periodize them in four phases： late Shang, early-to-middle Western Zhou, late Western Zhou to earD, Spring and Autumn, and middle Spring and Autumn. In addition, according to the locations of excavation, these bronze hehnets are classified into two geographical groups： the Central Plains and the Great Wall area in north China. Through the comprehensive study, the paper also sketches the development course of bronze helmets of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and explores the relationship between the bronze helmets in north China and those in the central area of Eurasia grassland.