品种和农艺措施对南方马铃薯抗冻效果的影响

Influence of Variety and Agronomic Measure on Cold Damage of Potato in Southern China

冷冻是南方马铃薯生产常遇的灾害。该试验研究不同品种、肥料配方和栽培方式对南方马铃薯的抗冻效果。结果表明:各因子对南方马铃薯的抗冻效果差异显著。最高产小区达到1 872.5 kg/667 m2,最低产小区的产量只有17.7 kg/667 m2。其中品种是抗冻的最佳因子,以荷兰7号抗冻能力较强,经过两次冻死后仍能恢复生长,平均产量达1349.3 kg/667 m2;其次是栽培方式,大垄双行比小垄单行平均增产440.5 kg/667 m2;再次就是肥料配方,应用"两微一免"集成技术配方比薯类专用肥平均增产227.1 kg/667 m2。本研究对江西的马铃薯防冻避冻安全生产有着重要的意义。

Cold damage is an important natural disaster in potato production of Southern China.Various varieties,fertilizer formulae,and cultivation models were investigated for their influence on cold damage of potato in southern China.There existed significant difference in each of factors.The highest treatment yield reached up to 1 872.5 kg / 667 m2,while the lowest treatment yield was only 17.7 kg / 667m2.Variety played the most important role in the protection of potato from cold damage,with the variety Favorita being most tolerant to cold damage,which could recover and get a yield of 1 349.3 kg / 667m2 even after experience of two waves of cold damage.Cultivation model played the second important role in cold damage protection,with yield of potato planted in double line-wide ridge outyielding potato planted in one line-narrow ridge by 440.5 kg / 667 m2.Fertilizer formula ranked the third in cold damage protection,with the integrated technology of ＂ultrathin plastic film ＋ microbial fertilizer ＋ soil conditioner＂ increasing yield by 227.1 kg / 667 m2 when compared with fertilizer designed specially for potato.This study may provide useful data for protection of cold damage in potato production of Jiangxi.