从社会学的引进与发展看改良思想的演变趋向(1895-1937)

The Evolutionary Tendency of Reform Thought from the Introduction and Development of Sociology(1895-1937)

十九世纪末社会学传入中国以来,社会学理论对中国改良思想的发展和走向产生了重要影响。维新派思想家将社会进化论应用于政治改革理论中,试图以政治制度改革推动社会变革。而二十世纪二三十年代留学欧美的社会学专业学者则将社会学的实证主义方法应用到中国社会基层,主张通过"自下而上"的方式,以社会改革推动政治变革。这一改良方式的变化也影响到了整个中国思想文化界。关注基层、投入农村、投身民众教育成为当时的一种社会潮流。

The sociological theory had had the material influence to the Chinese reform thought＇s development and trend since sociology was introduced into China at the end of the 19th century.Reformists applied Social Darwinism to political reforms,and tried to promote the social reforms with the reforms in political system.However,the social scholars who had studied in U.S.A.or in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s used positivism into Chinese grass-roots society.They put forward the mode of ＂from bottom to top＂,and wanted to promote the political reforms with the social reforms.The evolution of reform thought also influenced the whole intelligentsia.Paying attention to grass-roots society,countryside and mass education became a social trend at that time.