关于“大清崇德三年军律”的几个问题

Some Problems about Military Disciplines in the Third Year of Chong De in the Qing Dynasty

本文通过"大清崇德三年军律"原始文本和相关史料,对该军律发布的时间、背景以及文本流传等问题进行了初步的探讨,兼及其与蒙古例、蒙古律书相关条目之间的关系。除"军律"最初的文本可信度无可厚非外,其余流布的各种文本皆不能作为法律文献来进行文本研究和引用,并认为满洲、蒙古、汉文三个语种的"军律"文本与蒙古文《理藩院律书》以及满洲、蒙古、汉文三个语种的《蒙古律例(书)》各自对应的相关条款之间,不存在直接的文本渊源和传承关系,仅在内容上比较相似而已。《理藩院律书》《蒙古律书》的相关条目,可能直接或间接地取材于"军律",绝非是其蒙古文本的照录或者对满洲、汉文文本的翻译。

Based on the original text and related historical materials about the ＂Military Disciplines in the Third Year of Chong De in the Qing Dynasty＂,the article makes a research about the time and background of its issue and its spread,as well as its relationship with related items in Mongolian cases and Mongolian law books.There is no question about the validity of its original text,but as far as the other wide-spread versions are concerned,they ought not to be studied and quoted as legal documents.Furthermore,there are no direct relationships between the corresponding items in either the Military Disciplines in Man,Mongolian and Chinese versions or the Law Books of Dependency Ministry in Mongolian and Mongolian Statutes and Regulations in Manchu,Mongolian,and Chinese.They are just similar in content.Corresponding items in ＂the Law Books of Dependency Ministry＂ and in ＂Mongolian Statutes and Regulations＂may directly or indirectly come from the ＂Military Disciplines＂,but they are definitely not the records of the Mongolian text or the translations of Manchu and Chinese texts.