试论第二次柏林危机初期的英国外交

On British Foreign Policy in the Early Stages of the Second Berlin Crisis

第二次柏林危机爆发后,英国从现实利益出发,把柏林问题的解决看作是利益博弈的过程,主张用和谈乃至妥协的方式加以解决。在应对未来的苏联向东德移交柏林通道管理权问题上,英国认为,应该先与东德进行积极交涉,如果受阻再实施"空运",或是以承认东德政府的方式来换取危机的和平解决,坚决反对美国军方"有限使用武力"的方案。这种主张以和平谈判方式解决危机的立场,为后来英国危机政策的发展奠定了基础,同时也使英国成为盟国内部意见分歧的主要力量,对盟国政策和盟国关系产生了重要影响。

After the eruption of the Second Berlin Crisis,Britain had regarded Berlin and the solution of Berlin problem as a place and a process for game on the basis of their own actual interests,and advocated peaceful negotiation or even compromise as a means to solve the crisis.In response to the question that the Soviet Union would hand over management of the Berlin Corridor to East Germany in the future,Britain believed that the allies should first negotiate with East Germany in an active way.This was followed by carrying on airlift should negotiations fail.And a final solution was official recognition of the East German Government in exchange of peace,all in firm opposition to the U.S.militarys plan of the limited use of force.The position of advocating peaceful negotiations for solving crisis thus became a basis of the future development of British crisis policy,which made Britain a main strength of the differences in the allies,impacting on the allied policy and relations.