上海市0～6岁儿童单纯性肥胖的现状及流行变化趋势

The status and variation tendency of prevalence of simple obesity among the children aged 0～6 years old in Shanghai

目的：对上海市儿童单纯性肥胖症流行病学调查资料进行分析,以掌握0~6岁儿童单纯性肥胖症发展的变化规律,并探讨儿童单纯性肥胖症的影响因素。方法：采用分阶段、不等比例、随机整群抽样的方法,3岁以下以居委会为单位,3~6岁以幼儿园为单位整群抽样,原则上与1995年调查点一致。对402名单纯性肥胖儿童和394名配对健康儿童的体格测量值、个人史、喂养和饮食习惯、生活习惯、家庭情况和家长认知等方面信息进行分析,并与1996年、1986年,以及2006年全国九市调查结果相比较。结果：上海儿童单纯性肥胖检出率为3.26%,20年间增长6.76倍,增长主要发生在前10年。儿童单纯性肥胖的检出率随年龄增长而呈上升趋势,4岁后开始明显增高,6岁组为发病高峰,其发病率为7.84%。0~6岁儿童单纯性肥胖发生率男童高于女童,以轻度为主,占肥胖儿童总数的61.68%。随着儿童年龄的增长,肥胖度加重。儿童肥胖与主要照看人、进食速度、摄食蔬菜等因素相关。结论：随着社会经济的发展,儿童肥胖的发生率呈上升趋势。应加强对儿童期肥胖的研究和干预工作。

Objective：To analyze the epidemiological survey data of simple obesity among the children in Shanghai,in order to grasp the change regularity of simple obesity among the children aged 0~6 years old,and explore the effect factors of simple obesity among children.Methods：A disproportionate stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used in the study;for the children under 3 years,a neighborhood committee was a survey unit,for the children aged 3~6 years old,a kindergarten was a unit,which were consistent with the survey points in 1995.The data including measured values of physical examination,individual histories,feeding and dietary habits,living habits,family situations and cognitive levels of parents were analyzed among 402 children with simple obesity and 394 paired healthy children,then the results were compared with the investigation results in 1996,1986 and the investigation results from 9 cities in 2006.Results：The detection rate of simple obesity among the children in Shanghai was 3.26%,increasing by 6.76 times in last 20 years,and the increase mainly occurred in the first 10 years.The detection rate of simple obesity among the children showed a rising tendency with age,increased obviously after 4 years,peaked at 6-year group,the incidence was 7.84%.The incidence of simple obesity among boys aged 0~6 years old was significantly higher than that among girls aged 0~6 years old,the main type was mild simple obesity,accounting for 61.68%.The degree of obesity aggravated with age.Obesity of children was correlated with main supporters,the eating rate and intake of vegetables.Conclusion：The incidence of childhood obesity shows a rising tendency with the development of social economy.The study and intervention of childhood obesity should be enhanced.