优化灌水技术对烤烟生理特性及内在品质的影响

Effects of Optimized Irrigation Techniques on Physical Properties and Intrinsic Quality of Fire-Cured Tobacco

为寻求协调烟叶化学成分、提高烤烟产质量的优化灌水方法,研究了优化灌水技术对烤烟生长及内在品质的影响。试验结果表明:单株叶面积等农艺性状,逐行沟灌和隔行沟灌表现均优于对照;各处理的叶绿素含量及净光合速率都随着灌水量的增加而上升,且打顶后15 d开始SOD、CAT活性总体呈下降趋势,而MDA含量则呈现总体较迅速上升趋势,综合各种酶类的活性变化得出:逐行沟灌和隔行沟灌处理抗逆能力好;在经济性状上,产量、产值和均价都随着灌水量的增加而升高,逐行沟灌和隔行沟灌的经济性状表现较好;在施木克值、还原糖/烟碱、钾/氯和总氮/烟碱等值上,逐行沟灌和隔行沟灌处理的化学成分较为协调;在抗张力、抗张强度、叶片厚、填充值等物理特性上,逐行沟灌和隔行沟灌的可用性表现较好;在类胡萝卜素类、棕色化反应产物类、新植二烯和中性香气物质总量上,逐行沟灌和隔行沟灌的含量较高。综合考虑旺长期轻度干旱时逐行灌水450 m3/hm2的处理C表现最佳。从节水灌溉考虑旺长期轻度干旱时隔行灌水225 m3/hm2的处理B也具有实际推广价值。

To obtain the optimized irrigation techniques of coordinating the internal chemical composition of tobacco and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco, the effects of optimization of irrigation tech- nology on growth and internal quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that： Such agronomic characters as leaf area per plant were better under each row furrow irrigation and interlacing irrigation treatments than the control ; With the increase of irrigation amount, chlorophyll and photosynthetic rates of all treatments increased, SOD and CAT activities showed a general downward trend after top- ping 15 days and MDA content showed a rapidly increasing trend. Based on the changes of activities of different enzymes, each row furrow irrigation and interlacing irrigation treatments were of good resistance;Economical traits were better under each row furrow irrigation and interlacing irrigation treatments, and with the increase of irrigation amount, hectares of production, output value and average price increased. Concerning mu grams in the value of reducing sugar/nicotine and total nitrogen/nicotine, potassium/ chlorine ratio, chemical components under each row furrow irrigation and de-interlacing irrigation treat- ments coordinated better; Concerning the physical characters of tensility resistance, tensile strength, leaf thickness and filling value, each row furrow irrigation and interlacing irrigation treatments performed bet- ter; Total volume of carotenoids, brown reaction product categories, neophytadiene and neutral aroma were higher under each row furrow irrigation and interlacing irrigation treatments. Comprehensively, treatment C of each row furrow irrigation 450 m3/hm2 performed the best at long-term minor drought and in view of water-saving irrigation, treatment B of interlacing irrigation 225 ma/hm2 also promoted the value of the actual at long-term minor drought