三峡生态脆弱区耕地非市场价值评估

Assessing Non-market Value of Cultivated Land in Ecologically Fragile Areas of Three Gorges Reservoir

经济补偿是破解耕地保护外部效应外溢的有效途径。耕地非市场价值是耕地保护外部效应的核心,合理评估这部分价值对耕地保护经济补偿标准的确定具有重要的参考价值。本文运用条件价值法对三峡生态脆弱区耕地非市场价值进行了评估,对712份有效问卷统计分析表明:①生态脆弱与贫困耦合地区居民对耕地保护及耕地非市场价值的认知存在一定差异,经济、文化、社会、政府、心理等因素影响到民众的认知水平。②农户对耕地非市场价值支付意愿率达到76.77%,城镇居民支付意愿率仅占到64.87%。受访者往往将耕地价值与自身的切身利益结合,更多地表现为理性经济人而非理性社会人。③Probit回归与Logit回归分析表明,经济社会特征对受访者的决策产生一定影响。收入限制成为影响农户决策的主导因素,而捐赠历史与耕地保护认知成为影响城镇居民决策的主导因素。④农户与城镇居民的最大支付意愿分别为157.92元/(户·a)和206.28元/(户·a)。受访者单位耕地支付意愿为607.65元/(hm2·a),最终评估出三峡生态脆弱区耕地非市场价值约为104.26×108元。

Economic compensation is an effective way to break the external benefits spillover of cultivated land protection which is mainly composed of non-market value of cultivated land,so it is of great reference value for reasonably fixing the economic compensation criterion in cultivated land protection.In this paper,the Contingent Valuation Method（CVM）is used to evaluate the non-market value of cultivated land in ecologically fragile areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir according to 712 valid questionnaires.Several conclusions can be drawn as follows.（1）The cognition of different residents about the significance of protection cultivated land and the non-market value of cultivated land is in varying degrees,which is decided by how the economic,cultural,social,governmental,psychological and other factors act on the residents dwelling in ecologically fragile poverty-stricken areas.（2）The farmers’willingness rate to pay for the non-market value of cultivated land reaches 76.77%,while that of urban residents accounted for only 64.87%.Such a phenomenon results from the cognition that respondents would rather combine their own interests with cultivated land value,than pay great attention to the protection of cultivated land.（3）Through Probit Regression and Logit Regression analysis,it is also shown that economic and social characteristic of respondents plays an important role in their decision of whether to pay for the cultivated land protection,and income level is the dominant factor in farmers＇decision,but that of urban residents is rooted in their awareness of the importance of cultivated land protection and their donor history.（4）Willingness to pay （WTP）of farmers and urban residents are 157.92 yuan/（household·a）and 206.28 yuan/h ousehold·a）respectively.Respondents＇WTP for the non-market value of per hectare cultivated land reaches 607.65 yuan/（hm 2 ·a）and the overall non-market value of cultivated land reaches up to 104.26×10 8 yuan in ecological fragility of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.