金沙遗址祭祀区出土遗物研究

THE RESEARCHES ON THE ARTIFACTS UNEARTHED FROM THE SACRIFICIAL ZONE OF JINSHA SITE

金沙遗址是继三星堆遗址之后在成都平原发现的又一个重要遗址。1995年在成都金沙遗址范围内的黄忠村一带已发现商周时期的遗存，2001年在金沙村出土大批遗物，由此开始了对金沙遗址的大规模发掘。多年的发掘与研究已确认金沙遗址面积超过5平方公里，内含大型建筑区、宗教祭祀活动区、一般居址区和墓地等。目前学术界的基本认识是，

In the Sacrificial Zone of Jincha Site in Chengdu City,many golden wares,bronzes,jades,stone and wooden implements and ivories dated as from the late Shang Dynasty to the Spring-and-Autumn Period were unearthed.These artifacts have strong similarities to those unearthed from the sacrificial pits in Sanxingdui Site in Guanghan County,which showed that the culture represented by the artifacts found from Jinsha Site and that by the artifacts found from Sanxingdui Site had identity and continuity.Similar to those of Sanxingdui Site,the artifacts unearthed from the Sacrificial Zone of Jincha Site also emphasized power and the sun worship;however,these artifacts were left by many times of actually conducted sacrificial ceremonies,and the ceremonies held in different times and themes had different artifact assemblages and burying methods.This reflected that in the time of Jinsha Culture,the sacrificial activities were different from those of Sanxingdui Culture,the latter of which were making large amounts of artifacts representing the worshipped deities,sacrificial ceremony participants,sacrificial ceremony scenes and so on and offering them in the ancestral temples or deity temples.The categories and quantities of the bronzes unearthed from Sacrificial Zone of Jinsha Site were both much fewer than that of Sanxingdui Site;moreover they were made in smaller sizes and thinner bodies with forging technique and decorated with openwork or color painting,and were usually replaced by stone and wood carvings,jades and lacquer wares.Referring to the component analysis results of the bronzes,we can infer that that the bronzes of Jinsha Site had these features was because at the time of Jinsha Culture,the raw materials for making bronze was scanty.The insufficiency of resources might be a new clue for us to understand the abandonment of Sanxingdui Site and the rising of Jinsha Site.The relics of Jinsha Sacrificial Zone showed clear local features and the culture represented by them bore more independence.This is different from the archaeological discoveries at Zhuwajie in Pengzhou City,the bronzes among which bearing Shang and Zhou styles showing that the Shang and Zhou Cultures had influenced other places on Chengdu Plain outside the Jinsha Site.Moreover,the relics with features like those of the artifacts from Jinsha Site disappeared since the Western Zhou Dynasty,and the whereabouts of the culture represented by them became a new research issue.However,some features of the Zhuwajie bronzes were inherited by the Ba-Shu Cultures in the Eastern Zhou Period.