HIV感染者中B细胞免疫应答的研究进展

Progress of B lymphocyte responses among HIV-infected individuals

HIV感染引起了免疫系统慢性持续的活化而造成免疫细胞亚群的异常及其功能的耗竭(包括B淋巴细胞),使得宿主二次感染和机会性感染的易感性增加。B细胞的异常不仅出现在其表型及亚群上,更体现在功能的改变。伴随着B细胞的多克隆活化和高免疫球蛋白血症的出现,B细胞还表现出了对外源抗原无反应性及产生抗体的异常等功能缺陷方面的特征。对此,深入了解HIV感染过程中B细胞异常的致病机制,以期为今后通过改善HIV患者的体液反应来预防其机会感染的发生并为以抗体为基础的HIV疫苗研究策略提供有益的参考。

HIV disease is associated with abnormalities in all major lymphocyte populations,including B cells,which ultimately results in severe exhaustion of several lymphocyte functions and increased susceptibility to secondary and opportunistic infections.Among these cells,B lymphocytes are severely damaged and show signs of phenotypic and functional alterations.In parallel to the polyclonal B cell activation and hypergammaglobulinemia,B cells from patients show impaired reactivity to immunisation and poorly inducible antibody responses.Thus,a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of B-cell abnormalities in HIV disease can potentially lead to new strategies for improving antibody responses against opportunistic pathogens that afflict HIV-infected individuals and against HIV itself,in the context of both HIV infection and an antibody-based HIV vaccine.