渭北旱塬苹果园土壤酶特征研究

Characteristics of Enzyme Activities in Apple Orchard Soil in Weibei Arid Region

采用非缓冲液法,研究渭北旱塬苹果园不同层次土壤磷酸酶、转化酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性特征,探讨其与土壤肥力的关系,构建土壤总体酶活性参数。结果表明:土壤磷酸酶、转化酶、脲酶、脱氢酶活性的空间变异性明显,随剖面深度增加而降低,对肥力和环境变化较敏感,与多数土壤化学性质呈显著或极显著正相关,显示其在一定程度上可表征果园土壤肥力水平;而过氧化氢酶的变化规律性较差;土壤化学性质与酶活性主成分分析组成的土壤肥力信息系统较好地表征了土壤肥力水平的差异,获得的综合得分,计算的土壤总体酶活性参数(TEI)与土壤理化性质达显著或极显著正相关,且尤以TEI的相关性最高。不同层次的土样表现出类似的规律性变化。显示出TEI比单一酶系可更好地表征土壤肥力水平。

This study investigated invertase,urease,phosphatase,catalase,dehydrogenase at different soil layers in apple orchard at Weibei arid region,and the relationship between soil enzyme activities and fertility by no-buffer method.A total enzyme activity index（TEI）was established.The results showed that the activities of invertase,urease,phosphatase and dehydrogenase had significant spatial variations and greatly decreased with increasing soil depth;And positively correlated with soil chemical properties significantly except soil catalase and thus can be used to indicate soil fertility.By analyzing the biochemical activities and chemical properties of soil using principal component analysis（PCA）,the composite scores of the soil fertility information system with chemical properties and enzyme activities as principal components and TEI had remarkably significant positive correlation with soil chemical properties,TEI is better.These correlations happened similarly at different soil layers.This study indicated that TEI was a better index as an indicator for apple orchard soil fertility than many individual enzymes at Weibei arid region.