体外培养中间充质干细胞的异质性

Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Culture In Vitro——Review

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)具有易于取材、体外扩增能力强、低免疫原性和免疫调节作用等特点,已成为细胞/基因治疗和组织工程的重要种子细胞。作为一种细胞药物,MSC已经完成Ⅲ期临床试验,用于难治性移植物抗宿主病的处理。然而,截至目前,人们对体外扩增MSC的本质并不清楚。体外培养的MSC都是真正意义上的干细胞么?如否,为什么扩增的MSC仍具有多向分化性呢?MSC群体的不均一性的意义是什么?本文将围绕体外扩增MSC的异质性,对上述问题进行简要的阐述。

Mesenchymal stem cells（MSC） are the ideal adult stem cells in cell/gene therapy and tissue engineering for their features of easily-handling,highly proliferative capacity in vitro,low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory ability.MSC,as a kind of cellular drug,have been utilized in a phase Ⅲ clinical trial to treat refractory graft-versus-host disease（GVHD）.However,the essences of MSC in culture remain elusive so far.Whether the cells expanded in vitro are stem cells per se,and if not,why expanded MSC maintain their multiple differentiation ability？ And are the MSC cultivated in vitro homogeneous and if not,what the heterogeneity stands for？ Focusing on the heterogeneity of MSC in culture in vitro,the above questions are briefly discussed in this review.