日本落叶松无性系种子园配子产量及种子在球果中的分布特征

Studies on the gamete production and seeds distribution in a cone among clones of Larix kaempferi(Lamb.) Carr

对湖北省建始县长岭岗种子园母树雌雄球花在树体中的分布特征、不同无性系雄球花的花粉产量、不同无性系单个雌球花的胚珠产量进行研究.结果表明,日本落叶松雄球花主要着生在二年生和三年生枝上,不同年龄枝条上雄球花的数目差异达到极显著水平;雄球花在树冠不同方位及不同枝条上数目的差异为随机误差;不同无性系植株间单个雄球花的花粉产量差异不显著,不同无性系植株间单个雌球花的胚珠产量存在显著差异;平均单个雄球花产花粉量为168.9×103粒,每株树产花粉量40.93×106粒,种子园产花粉量1.473×1012粒;平均单个雌球花产胚珠量为86.628个,每株树产胚珠3539.280个,种子园产胚珠量98.90×106个,雌雄配子比例约为1∶14.90×103;球果的直径、长度、苞鳞数、苞鳞长、苞鳞宽、饱满种子数、涩粒种子数及空粒种子数平均值分别为24.961 mm、27.432 mm、44.694片、10.773 mm、9.843 mm、55.917粒、6.889粒及5.217粒,不同无性系球果间的以上特征存在显著或极显著差异.通过调查单株日本落叶松花粉产量、胚珠产量,可以较为准确地预测种子园种子产量.

With mother trees of seed orchard located at Changlingang, Jianshi, Hubei, a research project has been carried out into the male cone and the female cone distribution in the tree crown, pollen production and ovule number for a different clone tree. The results showed that male cones were on 2 and 3 years＇ branches, there was a significant difference among different age branches for male cone number; there was also a significant difference among azimuth for male cone number; there was no significant difference for pollen production of a male cone among different clones, while there was a significant difference for ovule production of a female cone among different clones; the number of pollen produced per male cone was 168.9 ~ 103, per tree 40.93 x 106, and the whole seed orchard 1.473 x 1012 ; the number of ovule produced per female cone was 86.628, per tree 3539.280, the whole seed orchard 98.90χ106 and the ratio of ovule to pollen 1：14.90χ103 ; female cone diameter, female cone length, bract scale number, bract scale length, bract scale width, full seed number, Se seed number and empty seed number were 24.961 mm, 27.432 ram, 44.694, 10.773 mm, 9.8432 ram, 55.917, 6.889 and 5.217 respectively ; there were significant difference or extremely significant difference for all of these characteristics among different clones ; the seed output of orchard can be predicted according to the ovule number pro duced in this seed orchard.