稠油催化裂解前后咔唑类化合物的变化及其催化降黏机理的研究

Change of carbazole compounds in heavy oil by catalytic aquathermolysis and the catalytic mechanism of viscosity reduction

在稠油族组成分离中,采用低毒试剂正己烷、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇及其混合溶剂,将反应前后已除去沥青质的稠油分离为饱和烃、芳烃和含氮化合物。优化并确立了各步分离条件,用GC-MS对各组分进行检测,了解水热催化裂解降黏前后各组分的变化,剖析了胶质中咔唑类化合物的变化。并结合1HNMR、元素分析等分析手段,证明稠油经水热催化裂解反应后,重质组分中的含氮组分发生了变化,生成了部分咔唑类化合物,同时,重质组分的组成和结构也发生了一定程度的改变,其超分子结构在一定程度上遭到破坏,生成二环、三环低环数芳烃和小分子量直链烃。这些变化使得稠油黏度降低。

Low toxicity reagents including n-hexane,dichloromethane,ethanol and mixed solvent were used in the separation of heavy oil.The heavy oil in which the asphaltene was removed was separated into saturated hydrocarbons,aromatics and nitrogen compounds before and after reactions.The optimized conditions of each step,and the data about each component before and after catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil by using GC-MS assisted with the 1HNMR and elemental analysis were obtained,and the changes of carbazole compounds in the resin were investigated.The results show that the nitrogen-containing groups are turned into some carbazole fragments.Meanwhile,the composition and structure of resin and asphaltene are changed.The supramolecular structure is damaged to some extent,generating two or three benzene rings and a number of small straight-chain hydrocarbons.These changes cause the viscosity reduction of heavy oil.