儿童期虐待经历对中学生心理健康状况影响及相关因素分析

Impact of childhood abuse experience on mental health of middle school students

目的了解儿童期虐待经历及其心理健康状况,为解决学生心理问题和进行儿童虐待的研究提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对太原市某中学初一、初二年级共301人进行整群抽样调查。结果 301名学生儿童期虐待经历(躯体虐待)调查中:在童年期曾经被人猛地摇晃身体占55.5%;曾经被人用手或其他硬物打过身体部位占62.1%;曾经被人用手掐或/和捏(如耳朵、胳膊等)占61.4%。在情感虐待调查中,曾经被人说过伤害、羞辱或谩骂的话占71.4%。调查对象心理健康状况,对人焦虑占23.9%;孤独倾向占9%;自责倾向占69.4%;过敏倾向占57.8%。对性别与躯体虐待、性虐待进行2χ检验,P值均<0.05,差异有统计学意义;对性别与心理健康状况进行2χ检验,与在大家面前或被老师提问时会脸红、受到批评和心情不愉快差异有统计学意义。结论儿童期虐待经历发生率较高,对中学生心理健康状况有一定影响。在我国应建立评价体系、方法和指标,并通过多部门、多学科的大力协同与合作,制订相应的预防和干预措施。

Objective To understand the mental health status and possible abuse experience during childhood in middle school students and provide evidence for the improvement of students＇ mental health and research on child abuse.Methods A retrospective study was conducted among 301 students of grade 1 and 2 selected by cluster sampling in a middle school in Taiyuan.Results Among 301 students surveyed,those whose body had been shaking fiercely by others accounted for 55.5%;those who had been hit by others hands and hard object accounted for 62.1% and those whose ears and arms had been pinched by others accounted for 61.4%.The students who had been insulted or got scolded by others accounted for 71.4%.The students with social contact anxiety accounted for 23.9%,those with lonely tend accounted for 9%;those with self-reproach tend accounted for 69.4% and those with hypersensitive tend accounted for 57.8%.The body abuse rate was higher in boys than in girls,but the sex abuse rate was higher in girls than in boys,the difference was statistical significant（P0.05）.The difference on mental health status between boys and girls was with statistical difference.Conclusion The childhood abuse rate was high in the middle school students,which had negative impact on their mental health.It is necessary to establish the evaluation system,method and indicators of child abuse and conduct multi sectoral and multi-disciplinary cooperation to develop the prevention and intervention measures in China.