厦门市学龄前儿童营养不良发生率分析

Analysis on the prevalence of malnutrition among preschool children in Xiamen.

目的:了解厦门市2～6岁学龄前儿童营养不良的患病情况,提出有效防治措施,改善儿童营养状况,促进生长发育。方法:按随机整群抽样的方法选择厦门市城区34所幼儿园2～6岁儿童9 517名,进行身高和体重的测量。依据世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的Z评分方法,对营养不良进行分型和分度,由调查人员对患儿母亲进行问卷调查,了解各种营养不良的病因。结果:厦门市2～6岁学龄前儿童中度以上营养不良的患病率为0.91%,其中低体重检出率为0.34%,生长发育迟缓检出率为0.21%,消瘦检出率为0.37%。男性儿童营养不良检出率明显高于女性儿童(P<0.05)。但各年龄组间营养不良患病率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。影响因素有疾病因素、不良饮食习惯、喂养方式、出生体重等。结论:①厦门市城区学龄前儿童营养状况较好,低体重率、生长迟缓率、消瘦率均低于全国平均水平。②营养不良是多因素相互作用的结果,应进行综合防治。

Objective：To understand the prevalence of malnutrition of 2～6 years old children in Xiamen city and explore its causes,so as to put forward the effective control measures.Methods：9 517 children aged 2～6 years old were selected from 34 kindergartens in urban district of Xiamen by random cluster sampling method,whose height and weight were measured.Malnutrition was classified on the basis of WHO＇s standards of height and weight,the disease causes were investigated with questionnaire.Results：Severe malnutrition prevalence rate of 2～6 years old children in Xiamen city was 0.91%,among which low weight 0.34%,growth retardation 0.21%,marasmus 0.37%.The difference of malnutrition prevalence rate was not significant among different age of children（P0.05）.Relevant factors were disease factor,unhealthy eating habits,feeding pattern,birth weight and so on.Conclusion：①The physical growth of preschool children from Xiamen city is generally good,and the rates of low weight,growth retardation and marasmus are all bellower than the national average.②Malnutrition is induced by multi-factors interaction and should be comprehensively controlled.