中美在城市水源地供水过程中生态补偿的差异性(英文)

A comparative review of the U.S. and China experience with eco-compensation and lessons learned

饮用水源保护是确保饮用水安全的重要保障.为了深入探讨不同国家生态补偿的经验教训,以城市供水系统为案例,分析美国纽约州与中国北京密云水库在城市供水过程中生态服务付费的差异性.结果表明:虽然美国和中国之间的生态补偿制度具有一定的独特性,但美国在市郊水库为纽约市政供水过程中的补偿效应值得中国借鉴.中国的生态补偿中的关键步骤必须包括生态效益评价的数量化和货币化.此外,现有研究结果认为,美国在公众参与生态补偿全过程的做法值得中国效法,而中国的退耕还林工程的生态效率和效益值得美国借鉴.

In order to further expand upon the experience to be gained from the international community in PES,this report will detail two different case studies from the U.S.,and provide a comparison between China＇s and U.S.＇s current PES programs.Although there are many differences between the U.S.and China＇s conservation-compensation systems and China＇s programs are not always categorized as PES programs,there are enough applicable lessons that are worth making known for China.A key step for China must include better measures of ecological assessment and quantification.Moreover,a review of the available papers finds that all agree that an increase in local participation and private sector funding,and continued land reform must be included among any best practices for PES in China.